UNDERSTANDING FEES
Trustee Fee
The fund management company usually appoints a trustee, a company that holds the funds on behalf of the fund manager.
The trustee company is typically paid a fee, usually 0.05% or less, for this service.
Sub-Fund or Feeder Fund Fees
If it's a feeder fund or a sub-fund, the fund is typically managed by the fund manager of the principal or 'mother fund', usually some Luxemburg-based fund.
So the feeder or sub-fund has to pay a fee to the fund manager of the mother fund for managing the funds on its behalf.
The annual management sub-fund fee typically ranges from 0.5%-1.75%.
Distribution Fee
This is a special charge known as a distribution fee, and normally ranges from 0.25% to 1.00% of a fund's assets. Such fees are spent on advertising, marketing, and distribution services, or on commissions to sales representatives. Sometimes, it's also called "Promotion Fees".
Hidden Cost
The one large hidden cost, often ignored by investors because of its invisibility, is the cost the fund incurs in executing its portfolio transactions. Buying and selling stocks and bonds can get very expensive. This cost includes not only brokerage commissions but also dealer bid-asked spreads and what is called "market impact", meaning that the buyer of a stock tends to push its price up and the seller to push its price down.
Transaction costs are difficult if not impossible to calculate accurately. They vary widely depending on the liquidity and marketability of a fund's portfolio securities. Studies have shown that transaction costs vary between 0.5% to 2% of the fund assets per year. Smaller funds with high rates of portfolio turnover incurred higher costs, while lower turnover rates by large funds resulted in lower costs.
Total Costs Paid by Fund Shareholders
In the final analysis, you must determine the total costs involved in the ownership of fund shares before making your investment decisions.
Higher costs always entail relatively lower returns in money market funds and generally do so in bond funds. For stock (equity) funds, there is no credible evidene supporting the notion that paying higher costs results in receiving higher returns.
To realize maximum value, the unit trust investor must know the cost of everything.