關于素食

郑钦贤

http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000448/index.html

上面这个是联合国农粮食组织的资料，抱歉没找到中文的。
今天早上才找到这国际组织如此简洁精要的报导。

还是贴过来好了：
Livestock a major threat to environment

29 November 2006, Rome - Which causes more greenhouse gas emissions, rearing cattle or driving cars?

Surprise!

According to a new report published by the United Nations Food andAgriculture Organization, the livestock sector generates moregreenhouse gas emissions as measured in CO2 equivalent – 18 percent –than transport. It is also a major source of land and waterdegradation.

Says Henning Steinfeld, Chief of FAO’s Livestock Information and PolicyBranch and senior author of the report: “Livestock are one of the mostsignificant contributors to today’s most serious environmentalproblems. Urgent action is required to remedy the situation.”

With increased prosperity, people are consuming more meat and dairyproducts every year. Global meat production is projected to more thandouble from 229 million tonnes in 1999/2001 to 465 million tonnes in2050, while milk output is set to climb from 580 to 1043 milliontonnes.

Long shadow

The global livestock sector is growing faster than any otheragricultural sub-sector. It provides livelihoods to about 1.3 billionpeople and contributes about 40 percent to global agricultural output.For many poor farmers in developing countries livestock are also asource of renewable energy for draft and an essential source of organicfertilizer for their crops.

But such rapid growth exacts a steep environmental price, according to the FAO report, Livestock’s Long Shadow –Environmental Issues and Options.“The environmental costs per unit of livestock production must be cutby one half, just to avoid the level of damage worsening beyond itspresent level,” it warns.

When emissions from land use and land use change are included, thelivestock sector accounts for 9 percent of CO2 deriving fromhuman-related activities, but produces a much larger share of even moreharmful greenhouse gases. It generates 65 percent of human-relatednitrous oxide, which has 296 times the Global Warming Potential (GWP)of CO2. Most of this comes from manure.

And it accounts for respectively 37 percent of all human-inducedmethane (23 times as warming as CO2), which is largely produced by thedigestive system of ruminants, and 64 percent of ammonia, whichcontributes significantly to acid rain.

Livestock now use 30 percent of the earth’s entire land surface, mostlypermanent pasture but also including 33 percent of the global arableland used to producing feed for livestock, the report notes. As forestsare cleared to create new pastures, it is a major driver ofdeforestation, especially in Latin America where, for example, some 70percent of former forests in the Amazon have been turned over tograzing.

Land and water

At the same time herds cause wide-scale land degradation, with about 20percent of pastures considered as degraded through overgrazing,compaction and erosion. This figure is even higher in the drylandswhere inappropriate policies and inadequate livestock managementcontribute to advancing desertification.

The livestock business is among the most damaging sectors to theearth’s increasingly scarce water resources, contributing among otherthings to water pollution, euthropication and the degeneration of coralreefs. The major polluting agents are animal wastes, antibiotics andhormones, chemicals from tanneries, fertilizers and the pesticides usedto spray feed crops. Widespread overgrazing disturbs water cycles,reducing replenishment of above and below ground water resources.Significant amounts of water are withdrawn for the production of feed.

Livestock are estimated to be the main inland source of phosphorous andnitrogen contamination of the South China Sea, contributing tobiodiversity loss in marine ecosystems.

Meat and dairy animals now account for about 20 percent of allterrestrial animal biomass. Livestock’s presence in vast tracts of landand its demand for feed crops also contribute to biodiversity loss; 15out of 24 important ecosystem services are assessed as in decline, withlivestock identified as a culprit.

Remedies

The report, which was produced with the support of themulti-institutional Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD)Initiative, proposes explicitly to consider these environmental costsand suggests a number of ways of remedying the situation, including:

Land degradation – controlling access and removing obstacles tomobility on common pastures. Use of soil conservation methods andsilvopastoralism, together with controlled livestock exclusion fromsensitive areas; payment schemes for environmental services inlivestock-based land use to help reduce and reverse land degradation.

Atmosphere and climate – increasing the efficiency of livestockproduction and feed crop agriculture. Improving animals’ diets toreduce enteric fermentation and consequent methane emissions, andsetting up biogas plant initiatives to recycle manure.

Water – improving the efficiency of irrigation systems. Introducingfull-cost pricing for water together with taxes to discouragelarge-scale livestock concentration close to cities.

These and related questions are the focus of discussions between FAOand its partners meeting to chart the way forward for livestockproduction at global consultations in Bangkok this week. Thesediscussions also include the substantial public health risks related tothe rapid livestock sector growth as, increasingly, animal diseasesalso affect humans; rapid livestock sector growth can also lead to theexclusion of smallholders from growing markets.


如果要十分详细的，可以从网页中下载full report:
Livestock's long shadow

[ 本帖最后由 郑钦贤 于 12-9-2008 02:34 PM 编辑 ]

郑钦贤

我朋友摘录了一堆经典中的句子，不过是英文的，我也没什么看，而且我说不必太着重于经文摘录，尤其遇到一些喜欢从经典中摘录其他句子来证明肉食的合理性。

如果有人要看，我可以贴过来。
不过抱歉，对经文资料有任何批判意见，我很可能会选择不回覆，谢谢。

郑钦贤

嗯……
还是只能说，慈悲不是看法，不是意见，是不可思议的。

嗯……
大家应该会觉得我有说等于没说，不过我的经验告诉我，在“这里”说，说了更不如不说。

抱歉啦。

第一论坛

原帖由 GiGa_Canon 于 11-9-2008 05:54 PM 发表


应该是说素食健康...

是不是该考虑将帖子迂到健康保健吗？

das

原帖由 郑钦贤 于 12-9-2008 02:13 PM 发表


有些的种类蛋白质，只是肉类才有，蔬果类没有。
这是错误的

FYI：
（From Vegan Society)
http://www.vegansociety.com/food/nutrition/protein.php

(From Vegetarian Society)
http://www.vegsoc.org ...

Vitamin B群在植物中好像是找不到的。

最重要饮食要平均。

das

A recent letter published in the New England Journal of Medicine reported on the case of a patient who had been a strict vegan for 13 years. This patient had severe vision loss and tests showed below normal blood levels of thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12. The patient was given large doses of vitamins that quickly raised his blood vitamin levels. However, the damage to his eyesight was permanent. The attending doctors speculated that the loss of eyesight was due to the deterioration of the optic nerve that may have resulted from long term low vitamin B12 intake .

Vegans can lead a healthy life, but intelligent selection of foods is a very important for those who choose this type of diet. It has been suggested that vitamin supplements should be included in a vegetarian diet. Either way, vitamin B12 is one vitamin that vegetarians should be very aware of, since the long term damage from vitamin B12 deficiency may not be reversible.

http://www.medicinalfoodnews.com/vol04/issue4/vitaminb

rex_0624

素食的（具体）利益是什么？

weige_m80

原帖由 das 于 12-9-2008 07:27 PM 发表


Vitamin B群在植物中好像是找不到的。

不，海藻和紫菜中是唯一兩種蘊含豐富維他命B群的植物。

rex_0624

那维生素D呢？（我是来乱的 ）

岁岁平安

原帖由 o1j2m3 于 11-9-2008 08:56 AM 发表
作莫要叫我来~ 偶是很害羞滴~
哈哈

放过岁岁飞机的，还是不要叫你比较好～

原帖由 GiGa_Canon 于 11-9-2008 09:10 AM 发表


干麻把所有的病都推在吃肉？
你试下天天喝cola看你会不会中甜尿病？？

因为素食不容易导致那些疾病啊～
说不容易是有些是后来才素食的，有些可能是基因问题～
阿这位大大，素食又不是每天只吃一种菜啦～

原帖由 第一论坛 于 11-9-2008 03:04 PM 发表
其实这个贴子是和宗教有关吗？

一贯道＝宗教～
一贯道》其他宗教～
一贯道提倡素食～
一贯道推广他们的的精神～
所以这个帖就在这里咯～
你又不去问这么这个帖在那边？～

第一论坛

原帖由 岁岁平安 于 13-9-2008 02:08 AM 发表
一贯道＝宗教～
一贯道》其他宗教～
一贯道提倡素食～
一贯道推广他们的的精神

那么应该一开始就这么说呀，
但是，一贯道为何提倡素食呢？

郑钦贤

我猜没什麽人看第一帖裡的link，，，，

郑钦贤

关于慈悲，确实是无法用言语说明。
但或许，我们可以问问自己：

上次感受到的慈悲、关心，是什麽时候？什麽情况？
上次诚心的感恩，是在什麽时候？什么情况？
有没有哪一次，感受到的慈悲，是无法用物质用金钱去衡量的？

是否曾经有某个人，你明白他对你是关心的，虽然想谢谢他，可是因为不认同他的关心是合理的，或觉得那关心你的人不明理，会引领你偏差，所以不能认同，所以也没办法诚心的感恩，然而他依然还是关心你？

是否曾经有某个人，你曾经明白他对你是关心的，但自己却无法接受，到后来甚至觉得对方纠缠不休，无理取闹，然后对关心你的人批评，辱骂，然而他依然还是关心你？

是否曾经有某个人，你很不认同他，辱骂他，甚至跟其他人说他的坏话，打他，诅咒他，然而他还是关心你，但却感到无比的伤心？

上面最后一个问题，应该是感受不到的，因为如果真的那么恨一个人的话，多半完全感受不到对方的关心了。但，你是否知道，有这样一个关心他人，却被他人毁谤诅咒，甚至被杀，但直到死，甚至到死后，依然是对他人无条件的关心的人？

如果你想要什么，他就给你什么，算是真的关心吗？

如果你想要什么，他就给你什么，会不会让自己变得自我中心呢？

而当自我中心，或说“我执”生起之时，是否就会开始从不认同他人的慈悲关心，变成觉得对那慈悲关心你的人反感，变成开始辱骂，甚至咒骂，攻击毁谤那慈悲你的人呢？

有什么样的慈悲与关心，要做到这种地步呢？
而真做到如此慈悲与关心的人，还会执着于自己对他人的付出与关心吗？或简单说，还会察觉到自己是慈悲的吗？

见其生，不忍见其死。
这不就是慈悲的一个开端？
这还是一般人比较能理解的。
但，如果连上面如此基本的慈悲都否定了，还能继续前进吗？如果连此基本的慈悲都不认同而还自认自己是永恒大爱，永恒慈悲的代表，会否容易变得极端呢？
见其生老病死，流转于无常，生起悲悯之心，这却是现今多数人无法了解的了。

儒家说的“仁义礼智信”乃人之常德，本自具有的，但那时人心已落入文字相，不得不说；佛家的五戒，“杀盗淫妄酒”，从根本上来说，其实不也是一样吗？但，如此具体形象化的说法，更适合像法时代的众生。佛说其灭度后，以戒为师……难道不是希望众生从戒律中戒其心，生发五常德吗？然而，当时若不谨慎持戒，到了现在的末法时代，还能够察觉到自己的我执吗？

[ 本帖最后由 郑钦贤 于 13-9-2008 08:00 PM 编辑 ]

ubiquitous

原因很简单，现时现日，把一大堆资料推给人不是一种好的宣传方式。宣传要简单，直接，易明，能够引起共鸣

ubiquitous

慈悲，很多时候沦为空谈，对很多人来说是虚浮的
物理需求之后才能谈心灵需求

郑钦贤

原帖由 ubiquitous 于 13-9-2008 07:57 PM 发表
慈悲，很多时候沦为空谈，对很多人来说是虚浮的
物理需求之后才能谈心灵需求

是啊是啊。

但慈悲，也不是心灵需求。根本上已经不是需求了。是本来。
实无所得，无所得啊。

[ 本帖最后由 郑钦贤 于 13-9-2008 08:06 PM 编辑 ]

ubiquitous

沦落到是心理需求，是因为物理世界中，慈悲被丢进内心中，藏起来

岁岁平安

原帖由 郑钦贤 于 13-9-2008 06:44 PM 发表
我猜没什麽人看第一帖裡的link，，，，

有看啊～
只是不想提那个人而已嘛～

岁岁平安

原帖由 第一论坛 于 13-9-2008 03:41 PM 发表


那么应该一开始就这么说呀，
但是，一贯道为何提倡素食呢？

不知道～
我又不是一贯道啦～
那个钦贤的第一帖提的那个人。。。你去问她～

第一论坛

原帖由 岁岁平安 于 13-9-2008 08:29 PM 发表

不知道～
我又不是一贯道啦～
那个钦贤的第一帖提的那个人。。。你去问她～

哈哈，

那么这里谁是一贯道呢？

而是否前先有通知一贯道提倡素食呢？