太空探索工程 卫星发射 剪报评论

pfg1group

http://news.xinhuanet.com/newsce ... content_6983898.htm

新华网北京１０月３１日电（记者田兆运、王玉山、李宣良）北京时间３１日１７时２８分，嫦娥一号卫星成功实施第三次近地点变轨，顺利进入地月转移轨道，开始飞向月球。这也是卫星入轨后的第四次变轨。

    北京时间１７时１５分，嫦娥一号卫星接到指令，发动机工作７８４秒后，正常关机。北京飞控中心对各项测量数据的计算表明，卫星变轨成功，由绕地飞行轨道顺利进入地月转移轨道。

    北京飞控中心总工程师王也隽介绍说，这是嫦娥一号卫星绕地轨道的最后一次变轨，变轨成功与否直接决定卫星能否顺利进入地月转移轨道与月球交会，是这次绕月探测工程的一个关键点。这种轨道控制在中国大陆航天测控史上是第一次实施，对于计算和控制都有很高的要求。

    这次变轨成功，表明中国大陆航天测控技术实现新的突破，意味着嫦娥一号卫星脱离地球的怀抱，开始奔月旅程。

    进入地月转移轨道后，嫦娥一号卫星将飞行约１１４小时，在１１月５日到达月球。在卫星奔向月球的飞行过程中，北京航天飞行控制中心将根据测定轨的情况进行２至３次中途修正，使卫星能够按照预定的设计要求到达近月点。

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/si ... 7070800/7070849.stm

中国官方媒体在星期三报道说，中国将建新一代运载火箭来加强发射卫星升天以及建立宇宙空间站的能力。

一周前，中国成功发射了首枚探月卫星"嫦娥一号"，这在亚洲的空间赛中再向前进了一步。

日本在几个星期之前把探月卫星发入月球轨道，而印度也会在稍后加入竞争行列，将在四月发射探月卫星。

新一代"长征五号"运载火箭可以发射通讯卫星以及探月卫星，要比现在的运载火箭承重力更强。

这些火箭显示了中国希望能够在未来30年到50年能够在空间技方面更有影响力的雄心。

中国发射技术中心主任表示，"这就给了中国和发达国家同样的发射能力。"

新一代长征5号运载火箭的产业化基地设在天津。发射地点将会在新建在海南的发射中心。

《中国日报》说，鉴于火箭的重量，它们将会通过海运前往发射中心，而这些新一代的火箭直到2013年才可能亮相。

中国的宇宙空间技术让很多人感到担忧。在一月份，中国从西昌发射中心进行了摧毁卫星导弹试验。

而这种卫星也可以用来发射导航卫星，美国军方依赖于这种卫星侦测敌人的位置以及发射导弹。

pfg1group

http://www.sinchew.com.my/conten ... mp;sdate=2007-11-02

（北京訊）中國國家航天局指出，中國的首個探月計劃，無論是其工程或科學目的，背後絕不隱藏任何軍事動機。

中國國家航天局發言人裴兆禹週四在北京舉行的新聞發佈會上表示：“中國是在奉行‘和平利用太空”的原則下，進行航天活動。”

他說：“中國包括探測月球和宇宙等航天計劃的目的，主要是探測宇宙，以及令人類受惠。”

他強調：“繞月探測工程所確定的工程目標和科學目標不包含任何與軍事有關的因素。

他補充：“同時，中國的月球探測工程也是一個開放的工程，工程的目標、總體方案和技術途徑、主要研制單位以及研制過程的重大進展、工程的重要信息都為世人所知。”

與他國展開通訊關係

他稱，中國期望就探測月球和宇宙，與其他國家展開積極的合作與通訊關係。

他表示，為使嫦娥一號科學探測成果獲得“最大化利用”，中國已成立由122名專家組成的繞月探測工程科學應用專家委員會。其中，來自香港和澳門地區的專家有8名。

他說，這個委員會的目標在於“最大化地利用”嫦娥一號獲得的數據。

他補充：“我們非常歡迎包括台灣同胞在內的所有成員積極、廣泛地參與月球探測活動，共同實現中華民族探索宇宙空間的美好願望。”

與此同時，北京航天飛行控制中心周五對“嫦娥一號”衛星實施首次軌道中途修正。 （星洲日報/國際•2007.11.02）

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/si ... 7076600/7076673.stm

国际太空站的宇航员已经开始一次危险的太空行走任务，修补一块破损了的太阳能板。

在六小时的工作中，美国宇航员帕拉辛斯基尝试修补一块在星期二在修展开时损毁的太阳能板的一道裂缝。

如果修复成功，太阳能翼板将能全面张开，伸展到适当位置。

如果裂缝修补不好，翼板无法全面张开，就可能无法支持飞船与太空站结合时对平台造成的压力。

在修复工作进行时，帕拉辛斯基可能受到损毁的太阳能板的电击。

帕拉辛斯基的衣服和工具都经过绝缘处理，确保在修复太阳能板时不被电击。

美国航天局说，长35米的翼板的损毁情况还不清楚，要等待帕拉辛斯基检查过后才能知道需要怎样处理。

他带备了不同的工具作不同的用途。

下一次飞往太空站的航天飞机原定12月出发，携带欧洲对太空站的主要贡献：哥伦布实验室。

要是星期六的修复工作无法顺利完成，航天局只能延迟12月的飞行，并寻找其他方法解决。这样哥伦布实验室的安装将要进一步延迟。

pfg1group

由苏联cosmos 火箭发射，
将会在测试三星期后移交给德国军方。

这枚卫星是系列内的第三颗卫星。
全重量780公斤，解析度少过1公尺。
全部预计2008年年尾完成部署。

http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/071101-kosmos3m-launch.html

German Spy Satellite Launches Into Space
By Peter B. De Selding
Space News Staff Writer
posted: 1 November 2007
2:03 p.m. ET


PARIS - The third of five planned German high-resolution SAR-Lupe radar reconnaissance satellites was successfully launched Nov. 1 by a Russian Cosmos-3M rocket and has begun what is expected to be four weeks of testing before it is transferred to the German armed forces, SAR-Lupe prime contractor OHB-System AG said.

The 1,587-pound (720-kilogram) satellite, capable of detecting ground objects of less than three feet (one meter) in diameter, will join its two identical predecessors in a near-polar, 310-mile (500-kilometer) orbit. The two remaining SAR-Lupe spacecraft are scheduled to launch at four- or five-month intervals, with the full five-satellite network to be operational by late 2008.

Bremen, Germany-based OHB-System supplied the satellites and the launchers under a contract with the German armed forces that calls for a certain level of SAR-Lupe capacity to be available without interruption for 10 years.

The first two SAR-Lupe spacecraft were launched in December 2006 and July 2007. German defense officials have said both are performing to specifications.

By late 2009, SAR-Lupe is expected to be available to French defense forces as part of a bilateral exchange that will give the German military access to France's Helios-2 high-resolution optical reconnaissance satellites.

The Cosmos-3M rocket launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northern Russia and placed the SAR-Lupe satellite into orbit about 30 minutes after liftoff. A French government-owned ground station at Kerguelen Island in the Indian Ocean picked up the first signals.

The German Aerospace Center, DLR, is responsible for controlling the satellite from DLR's Oberpfaffenhofen facility during the four-week test period.

pfg1group

http://www.mingpaonews.com/20071105/cac1.htm

【明報專訊】中國首枚探月衛星「嫦娥一號」，今日將進行第一次關鍵的近月制動，將「煞車」調整衛星的運行速度，以便順利進入月球軌道，探月成否成功，正繫於這一「煞」。

不及時煞車將飛離月球

在經過114個小時的飛行之後，「嫦娥一號」衛星將走完地月轉移軌道行程，今日上午11時許抵達月球捕獲點。北京航天飛行控制中心將按計劃對衛星實施第一次近月制動。制動成功後，嫦娥一號衛星將成為中國第一顆月球衛星。

北京航天飛行控制中心總工程師王也雋對新華社說，在地月轉移軌道運行的「嫦娥一號」衛星抵達月球捕獲點時，其飛行速度約為每秒2.4公里，如不及時有效煞車，衛星將飛離月球，難以被月球捕獲。這次近月制動，就是在北京航天飛行控制中心的控制下，降低衛星飛行速度，完成「太空煞車」，建立正常姿態，進入周期為12小時的橢圓環月軌道。

截至北京時間昨日傍晚6時許，嫦娥一號衛星已飛至距地面高度38萬公里處。目前，地面測控設備接收的遙測參數表明，衛星各系統運行正常，整體狀態良好。



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嫦娥一號成功成為繞月衛星
http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071105/1/nnb5.html

中國繞月探測工程嫦娥一號已經成功成為繞月衛星。根據地面控制中心表示，今天上午十一點十五分，嫦娥一號抵達近月點，順利實施第一次近月制動，被月球重力捕獲。衛星各系統狀態正常，預料未來兩天仍然會進行兩次近月制動，並將正式進入科學探測的工作軌道。


國防科工委又指，嫦娥一號衛星抵達月球時會受月球引力影響，必須按照預定時間和速度，抵達預定的近月點，否則將無法保持軌道，最後跟月球擦肩而過或撞上月球，因此剛完成的近月制動，是整個衛星奔月飛行中，最關鍵的一個控制點。

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Spirit To Head North For The Winter
http://www.marsdaily.com/reports/Spirit_To_Head_North_For_The_Winter_999.html

Plans called for Spirit to head in a northerly direction, toward an area known as "Site 5" on top of Home Plate.
by Staff Writers


Pasadena CA (SPX) Nov 05, 2007

With Martian winter approaching, the science and engineering teams have been hard pressed to select a site where Spirit can spend the winter. After previously narrowing the list of candidates to two sites, Spirit's handlers decided to send the rover to the northern edge of the elevated plateau known as "Home Plate," which Spirit has been exploring for many months now.
Previously considered sites included "von Braun," "South Promontory," "Batter's Box" ("West Knoll"), and "North Home Plate." The decision means the rover will move farther away from tantalizing, new terrain to the south, but maximizes the rover's chances of surviving another winter given the excessive coating of dust on the solar arrays.

As Project Manager John Callas announced in an e-mail, "the principal discriminator was the achievable slope at each site. The north side of 'Home Plate' offers slopes of 25 degrees of northerly tilt, while 'South Promontory' offers 20 degrees of northerly tilt. That difference is about 10 watt-hours per sol, which can mean the difference between surviving and not surviving the cold, dark winter."

Meanwhile, Spirit remains healthy and all subsystems are nominal. Energy has been averaging 355 watt-hours (100 watt-hours is the amount of electricity needed to light one 100-watt bulb for one hour) and atmospheric dust measurements (Tau) have been steady at about 0.63.

Plans called for Spirit to head in a northerly direction, toward an area known as "Site 5" on top of Home Plate, starting on sol 1362 (Nov. 2, 2007) . Once there, Spirit may investigate some targets with instruments on the robotic arm before continuing to the north end of Home Plate.

Meanwhile, engineers working on the rover's miniature thermal emission spectrometer have determined that degradation in performance of the spectrometer on both Spirit and its twin, Opportunity, is the result of dust deposition on the scan mirror or in the panoramic camera mast assembly. They have decided not to use the instrument on Opportunity and to use it only for high-priority targets and weekly atmospheric measurements on Spirit while they try to develop strategies for removing the dust.

In addition, tests run on sols 1355, 1358, and 1360 (Oct. 25, Oct. 29, and Oct. 31) determined that the grind motor on Spirit's rock abrasion tool failed on sol 1341 (Oct. 11, 2007) , as it did previously on Opportunity on sol 1045 (Jan. 1, 2007). However, because the rover's handlers have devised an alternate technique for grinding and brushing that takes two Martian days, they are still able to use the brushes on both rock abrasion tools.

Sol-by-sol summary

In addition to receiving morning instructions directly from Earth via the high-gain antenna, sending evening data to Earth at UHF frequencies via the Odyssey orbiter, measuring atmospheric dust levels with the panoramic camera, and surveying the sky and ground with the miniature thermal emission spectrometer, Spirit completed the following activities:

Sol 1355 (Oct. 25, 2007): Spirit unstowed the robotic arm, conducted imaging diagnostics of the rock abrasion tool, and took microscopic images of the capture magnet. The rover placed the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer on the capture magnet, took panoramic camera images of the rover deck, and transmitted data overnight via the Odyssey orbiter. Spirit monitored dust on the panoramic camera mast assembly, surveyed the horizon with the panoramic camera, acquired a mosaic of images with the navigation camera, and acquired movie frames in search of dust devils with the navigation camera.

Sol 1356: Spirit acquired panoramic camera images of the rover deck and of rock targets nicknamed "Grays Peak," "Elk," and "San Juan." The rover acquired 6 hours worth of data with the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer and took thumbnail images of the sky with the panoramic camera.

Sol 1357: Spirit used the navigation camera to survey the surface darkened by the rover's shadow. The rover acquired full-color images of its tracks using all 13 filters of the panoramic camera. Spirit acquired another 6 hours of data with the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer and took spot images of the sky with the panoramic camera.

Sol 1358: Spirit took images of the filter magnet with the microscopic imager, performed diagnostic tests on the rock abrasion tool, and used the panoramic camera to take images of the rover deck and survey the horizon.

Sol 1359: Spirit turned in place for communications relays and performed a "get quick fine attitude" to check for changes in the inertial measurement unit to determine the rover's precise location. Spirit acquired post-drive images with both the navigation and panoramic cameras. In the morning, the rover completed a systematic ground survey with the panoramic camera.

Sol 1360: Spirit unstowed the robotic arm, performed diagnostic tests of the rock abrasion tool, and acquired a mosaic of microscopic images of a soil target known as "Pumpkin Pie" before placing the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer on the target. Spirit acquired full-color images, using all 13 filters of the panoramic camera, of another soil target known as "Candy Corn." The rover collected data from Pumpkin Pie with the alpha-particle X-ray spectrometer and in the morning, scanned the sky for clouds with the navigation camera. Spirit also surveyed the horizon with the panoramic camera and acquired movie frames in search of dust devils with the navigation camera.

Sol 1361: Spirit stowed the robotic arm in preparation for the next day's drive and took full-color images, using all 13 filters of the panoramic camera, of Elk and San Juan. The rover acquired a mosaic of images with the navigation camera as part of a 360-degree panorama for drive planning. Spirit surveyed the sky at both low sun and high sun with the panoramic camera.

Sol 1362 (Nov. 2, 2007): Plans called for Spirit to drive toward Site 5, acquire full-color, mid-drive images of Pumpkin Pie with all 13 filters of the panoramic camera, and acquire post-drive images with both the navigation and panoramic cameras. The following morning, Spirit was to complete a survey of rock clasts with the panoramic camera and scan the sky for clouds with the navigation camera.

Odometry:

As of sol 1359 (Oct. 30, 2007), Spirit's total odometry was 7,339.70 meters (4.56 miles).

pfg1group

http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071105/58/nnt3.html

美國位於德州休士頓的太空發射中心航管官員表示，發現者號太空梭上的指揮官梅洛依(PamMelroy)向航管中心回報表示，發現者號太空梭已在德州時間5日凌晨5時32分(台灣時間5日晚上6時30分)左右，成功的脫離國際太空站。


梅洛依說，發現者號太空梭上的太空人在紛紛向國際太空站道別後，關閉與太空站的聯繫閘門，順利的脫離太空站。


發現者號太空梭是在10月25日與太空站接軌，這次航程的目的是為了要將和諧艙(Harmonymodule)送往太空，連接在國際太空站上。這次發現者號太空梭上的太空人共執行了4次太空漫步，主要是為太空站安裝「和諧艙」，但工作並未完成，接下來幾個月，還會發射太空梭，將兩座由日本及歐洲建造的實驗室，陸續送上太空。

pfg1group

http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071105/4/noa3.html

　俄羅斯科學院航太研究所專家透露，中國自行研製的火星探測器將搭乘俄羅斯的火箭，於二○○九年十月發射，與俄羅斯的探測器共同完成對火星環境的探測任務。


　根據「中通社」報導，今年上半年，中俄航太合作分委會聯合工作小組舉行了會議，中國國家航天局和俄羅斯聯邦航太署簽署了一項協定，雙方將於二○○九年聯合對火星及其衛星「火衛一」進行探測。


　根據協定，雙方探測器將由俄羅斯的火箭發射，中方探測器實際上是一顆小衛星，將由俄羅斯的太空飛行器送入繞火星的橢圓軌道。中國空間技術研究所研究員龐之浩指出，與月球探測相比，探測火星的難度更大。


　報導引述上海衛星工程研究所研究員陳昌亞透露，中國火星探測器的長寬七十五公分，高六十公分，重量約一百一十公斤，使用壽命兩年，預計二○○九年六月製造完成。造價約一百萬美元，暫命名為「螢火一號」。

pfg1group

http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/si ... 7082400/7082431.stm

中国官方媒体报道，当局计划在2020年把一个20吨重的小型空间站送上地球轨道。

中国探月工程副总设计师龙乐豪接受英文《中国日报》采访时披露了上述时间表。

报道称，这是中国有关方面首次提出建立空间站的具体时间。

不过文章并没有透露中国是否会派宇航员常驻该空间站。

中国曾经表示有意参与国际空间战的建设工作，不过美国军方和部分议员却反对与北京合作。

美方认为，中国的太空计划将威胁到美国的卫星系统。

登月计划

另一方面，"嫦娥一号"绕月探测卫星周三（7日）上午完成了第三次近月制动。

卫星成功进入周期127分钟、高度200公里的极月圆轨道，从而使"嫦娥一号"卫星正式进入科学探测的工作轨道。

龙乐豪上月透露，有关部门正在研究合并月球探测工程中的第三和第四阶段合并，从而使中国的宇航员最早在2017年踏上月球。

"嫦娥一号"的任务是获取月球表面三维图像、评估月球土壤厚度和探测地月空间等。

按照原定计划，第二阶段是2011年至2013年间进行的嫦娥二期工程。

"嫦娥二号"将实现机器人软着陆巡视勘察，目前我国进行此项任务的技术、物资条件和经济实力都已基本具备。

2017年，在第三阶段嫦娥三期工程便可进行机器人月面取样返回工作；2024年前的嫦娥四期工程，中国航天员将可执行登月返回任务。

pfg1group

http://news.yam.com/cna/computer/200711/20071106927116.html

（中央社記者康世人新加坡六日專電）馬來西亞政府正在考慮，向俄羅斯購買載送馬國首位太空人進入太空的「聯合號」太空船，以鼓勵馬國年輕人對科學的興趣。

馬國媒體今天引述馬國科學、工藝與創新部長賈吉思的談話表示，馬國政府正在考慮向俄羅斯購買聯合號太空船Soyuz TMA-11，但賈吉思並未提到雙方正在談判的採購金額。

賈吉思表示，「我們極為渴望把太空船帶回馬來西亞，因為這艘太空船將可成為被關注的標誌，刺激馬國五百萬個在學校的孩子，對科技產生興趣」。

賈吉思說，這艘太空船將可放在馬國太空中心展示，這項投資是為了馬來西亞的未來，創造一個以知識為基礎的社會。

他表示，在政府決定購買這艘太空船之前，將會就此尋求公眾意見。

俄羅斯太空總署日前向馬國提出建議，願意出售聯合號太空船給馬國，作為馬國首位太空人登上太空的紀念。

馬國是在向俄羅斯採購戰鬥機時，連帶請俄羅斯代為訓練太空人，並於今年十月十日，將馬國首位太空人賽慕斯扎法送上太空，進入國際聯合太空站，太空人在太空站停留十一天，就癌細胞、蛋白質和導致熱帶疾病的微生物等進行實驗。

不過，馬國耗資近億令吉（約新台幣近十億元）把首位太空人送上太空，在馬國引起不同觀點。支持者認為這有助馬國太空事業發展；反對者則認為，花大筆錢只是讓太空人在太空中吃馬來食物、進行回教祈禱，無助於科技與太空事業發展。

pfg1group

http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/si ... 7087600/7087614.stm

英国将发射"天网"5B卫星，升级目前的军事卫星通讯系统。

"天网"5B卫星（Skynet）预定在格林尼治时间11月9日22点04分，从法属圭亚那的库鲁发射站由"阿丽亚娜"5型火箭发射升空进入轨道。

"天网"5B卫星进入地球轨道之后，将定位在印度洋上空，此前发射的"天网"5A卫星则是定位在大西洋上空，两颗卫星的涵盖范围从美国东边到中国东边。

"天网"卫星系列的"天网"5A卫星在今年3月成功发射升空进入轨道运行，"天网"5A卫星目前已经投入服务，并开始为在伊拉克和阿富汗的英军提供安全情报。

最新军事科技

耗资36亿英镑的天网卫星计划是英国最大的太空单一项目，自从天网卫星开始运行之后，英国军事卫星通讯系统进入了新时代。

天网计划包括了更换及更新卫星通讯控制中心，军舰、军车和军机上的主要的卫星通讯天线和接头。

"天网"5B卫星从外表上看和一般的商业卫星并无明显不同，但是"天网"5B卫星上配备有专门用作军事用途的最新科技。

"天网"5B卫星的通讯频宽比"天网"4型卫星要增加2.5倍。

有了"天网"5B卫星，陆海空三军在执行任务时就能够和总司令部交换更多的数据资料，联络速度也会加快。

-------------------------------------------------------------
Skynet military launch is delayed

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7087910.stm
The launch of the UK's Skynet 5B military communications satellite from French Guiana has been delayed.

The spacecraft's Ariane rocket has developed an electronic problem with its solid fuel boosters and will be rolled back to its inspection shed.

The flight, originally timed for Friday night, is not now expected to take place until Monday at the earliest.

The £3.6bn Skynet project is designed to give British commanders access to more information, much faster.

"We tried to understand what's going on [in the electronic equipment] but unfortunately we did not succeed," explained Jean-Yves Le Gall from Arianespace, the company which runs the Kourou spaceport in French Guiana.

"We are now taking the launch vehicle back to the Final Assembly Building where we will investigate the equipment and replace it."

The countdown was stopped six hours, two minutes and 34 seconds before the scheduled lift-off.

Video demand

The Skynet 5B platform is set to join in orbit the 5A satellite, which was lofted successfully in March and is already handling secure traffic for UK forces in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The spacecraft, which have been developed by EADS Astrium in Stevenage and Portsmouth, provide-two-and-a-half times the bandwidth capacity of their predecessors, the Skynet 4 satellites.

The greater performance is necessary because military commanders are starting to use information-rich applications, such as video, in their operations.

Only today, the Ministry of Defence announced it had started flying its new Reaper Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Afghanistan. The planes will gather intelligence on Taliban activities and their pictures can be fed back to the UK via Skynet 5A for further analysis, if necessary.

The problem with the Ariane rocket also delays the launch of Skynet 5B's co-passenger - a Brazilian satellite called Star One C1 which will deliver broadband internet services to consumers in South America.

Delays to launches are not uncommon. Officials constantly monitor the rocket and its payload and if there is the slightest doubt, the flight is stood down. Skynet 5A was itself held on the ground for 24 hours when a fault developed in the launch table.

"This is the price for total quality; we do not want to take any risks, and this is why we replace equipment anytime we could have a problem," said Mr Le Gall.

pfg1group

http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071107/1/ntty.html

美國發現號太空梭結束了長達15天的太空之旅後，台北時間今天凌晨2點01分安全返回地球。


據美國太空總署電視臺報導，昨天上午到午後，佛州太空中心天空晴朗，風力不大。按預定時間，發現號脫離軌道，重新進入地球大氣層，並不斷下降，準時降落佛州甘迺迪機場跑道。


發現號於10月23號發射升空，為國際太空站送去了連接艙。在太空站11天內，太空人共進行了4次高難度的太空漫步。他們成功地將連接艙安放到了位置上，把太空站外巨大的Ｐ６結構組件挪動到新的永久位置上。在最後一次太空漫步中，還成功地修復一處破損的太陽能電池板。

pfg1group

将会用全德国技术，耗资5亿美元。
预计2012年发射，距离月球表面50公里绕行。

但是计划还没有通过政府或是国会？方面的批准。

http://www.space.com/news/071108-germany-moon-probe.html

PARIS - The German government, in a move certain to raise eyebrows among the country's European partners, is proposing to build its own lunar orbiter with all-German technology at a cost of up to 350 million euros ($508 million), the chairman of the German space agency said Nov. 8.

Johann-Dietrich Woerner said the mission, called Lunar Exploration Orbiter, or LEO, would showcase German technological expertise in radar and other high-resolution imaging, gravity measurement and laser communications. It could be launched in 2012 and would orbit at an altitude of about 31 miles (50 kilometers) over the lunar surface.

Addressing a press briefing in Berlin during an international conference on space exploration, Woerner said that while the LEO project has the backing of German Deputy Economics Minister Peter Hintze, who is also the country's aerospace coordinator, it has not yet been approved by German authorities.

Hintze also addressed the Berlin conference and endorsed the LEO project.

Germany is the second-largest contributor to the European Space Agency (ESA), behind France and ahead of Italy. ESA is assembling its own mid- and long-term exploration policy, with Mars as the focus and possibly including a secondary role in a NASA-led return to the Moon with astronauts. ESA's SMART-1 lunar orbiter completed its mission in September 2006 and the agency has no plans for a follow-up orbiter.

ESA in 2005 won approval from its governments for a 650 million-euro ($954 million) Mars lander called ExoMars to be launched in 2013. More recently, the agency has added more scientific instruments to the ExoMars lander and also has considered a Mars orbiter to provide communications links between the lander and ground controllers.

But the new ExoMars mission carries an estimated price tag of about 1 billion euros ($1.46 billion). ESA is trying to secure the remaining 350 million euros ($513 million) from its member governments but as yet has no commitments.

ESA Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain told the press briefing that the agency would await a November 2008 meeting of ESA government ministers before deciding the exact configuration of ExoMars, and whether NASA and the Russian Space Agency will contribute instruments.

The same holds for ExoMars' Russian-supplied nuclear heaters, which Dordain said were indispensable for the mission because Europe does not have its own radioisotope power source designed for space missions.

But the nuclear heaters would require investment in safety and security procedures at Europe's Guiana Space Center launch site in French Guiana - one reason why ESA is considering launching ExoMars on Russia's Proton vehicle as part of a barter arrangement.

A decision on whether to use Europe's Ariane 5 rocket or the Proton also will await the November 2008 ministers' meeting, Dordain said.

With Europe's own exploration package still struggling for funds, some ESA and European government officials have questioned the wisdom of Germany's solo lunar orbiter and a similar idea being considered by the British government.

These officials said ESA already is investing in lunar orbiters launched or planned by Japan, China and India - in addition to Europe's SMART-1 mission.

Woerner said the LEO lunar orbiter should not be viewed as a project that is competing for funds that might otherwise be used in ESA. "The budget sources are different," he said, adding that Germany already contributes a higher percentage of its total space budget to ESA than its major European partners do.

pfg1group

http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/si ... 7089900/7089916.stm

美国军方使用过的最大型的卫星发射火箭——"三角洲IV重型火箭"第二次飞入太空。

三角洲IV重型火箭从美国佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角肯尼迪航天中心升空，成功地将一枚间谍卫星送入太空。

重达2点3吨的防务支援计划卫星（DPS）是一枚导弹预警卫星，它将负责监视导弹发射情况和收集情报。

三角洲IV重型火箭首次成功升空是在2004年。当时，制造商波音公司曾准备把这个载具火箭作为除了航天飞机外的另一个宇航员发射载具。

不过，美国太空总署最后决定让新的战神（Ares）火箭系统来担当这个角色。

美国东部标准时间周日（11日）晚上20点50分，高70米的三角洲IV重型火箭从卡纳维拉尔角顺利升空。

这是自1972年12月阿波罗号成功升空以来，全液体推进剂火箭在夜间最为壮观的一次发射。

这个重型火箭有三个挂载推进器，每个推进器安有一台火箭发动机制造商Rocketdyne生产的RS-68火箭发动机。这种火箭发动机每秒燃烧一吨重的推进剂，并产生2,900千牛顿的推进升力。

与此相比，当年的阿波罗登月火箭产生的推力是三角洲火箭的三倍。

三角洲IV重型火箭可以将重达13吨的卫星发射到同步卫星转移轨道（静地转移轨道）。但这种火箭没有应用于商业市场。

商业市场上同类火箭的娇娇者是欧洲阿丽亚娜（Ariane）5 ECA型运载火箭，它可以将重10吨的卫星发射到同步卫星转移轨道。

----------------------------------------------------------------

[url=http://tw.rd.yahoo.com/referurl/news/tech/science/list/02/*http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071112/1/o23m.html]美成功發射 反飛彈系統最後顆預警衛星[/url](中廣)
http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071112/1/o23m.html


[size=122%]美國軍方成功發射了一枚飛彈預警衛星進入太空軌道，也使此一反飛彈預警系統的衛星布設工作告一段落。

美國軍方是在佛羅里達州卡拉維爾角，利用當今最大推力的「德爾塔四型」火箭，將這顆有2.3噸重的預警衛星送入了預定的太空軌道。

　專家指出，這種預警衛星能夠透過紅外線感測器，偵測到飛彈及推進器所散發出來的熱量，然後指引反飛彈系統摧毀目標飛彈。

　　美國軍方指出，這是飛彈防禦系統的第二十三顆，也是最後一顆衛星。



[ 本帖最后由 pfg1group 于 13-11-2007 12:50 AM 编辑 ]

pfg1group

在9/4/2008进行发射工作。
会使用印度自制撞击式人造卫星，发射火箭4节。

在月球表面100公里高出环绕，为期两年。

India sets lunar probe launch for April 2008
By Radhakrishna Rao
http://www.flightglobal.com/arti ... for-april-2008.html


India plans to complete the integration of its first lunar probe, Chandrayaan-1, by year-end, to meet the scheduled launch date on 9 April 2008.

The lunar orbiter, which will also feature an Indian-made Moon impact probe (MIP), is to be launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre by an augmented version of the indigenous four stage Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.

Project director M Annadurai says Chandrayaan-1 will map the entire lunar surface as it circles the Moon at an altitude of 100km (62 miles) during its two-year mission. In addition to 11 scientific payloads - five from India and six from abroad - the MIP is planned to provide the Indian Space Research Organisation with expertise to develop future lunar landers.

Chandrayaan-2, a follow-on mission expected to be launched around 2011-12, will have a soft lander carrying a robotic rover.

"On reaching lunar orbit, Chandrayaan-1 will be reoriented, leading to the ejection of MIP, which carries an on-board motor," says Annadurai. "And as the MIP speeds towards the Moon its video camera will take pictures of the lunar surface."

Meanwhile, the 32m (105ft) dish antenna of the deep-space communications network to support Chandrayaan-1 and other ISRO planetary probes, including a Mars mission, will be installed soon at Bylalu village near Bangalore.

pfg1group

http://uk.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20 ... ileo-47c7853_1.html

Reuters - Monday, November 12 12:24 amLONDON (Reuters) - A European Union satellite navigation system must be stopped from going ahead until its costs, risks and benefits have been thoroughly assessed, members of parliament said on Monday.

The Commons Transport Committee said it had serious concerns about the merits of the 3.4 billion euro (2.4 billion pound) project and the way in which the European Commission planned to fund it.

The system aims to compete with the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS). It has faced a 2.4 billion euro hole in funding because private companies have been reluctant to foot the bill.

The European Commission has proposed plugging the hole mainly with unused agriculture funds and some from the EU's scientific research project. Unused funds earmarked for EU projects are usually returned to national coffers.

"The government must stop this folly and endeavour to bring the European Commission to its senses," said Gwyneth Dunwoody, Labour chairman of the transport committee.

"The Commission is poised to spend billions of taxpayers' money on a satellite system without any realistic assessment of its costs and benefits" and to "break all the rules for prudent budgetary discipline" in order to fund it.

The committee's report noted only one test satellite had been launched for the Galileo programme, which should have 30 satellites if completed.

The project is five years behind schedule, it said.

Like the GPS, the Galileo system would exchange radio signals with devices on the ground, allowing users to pinpoint their location.

Some analysts have questioned the project's viability because the GPS, developed by the U.S. military, operates free of charge. They also say there will be delays and cost overruns, with taxpayers certain to be asked to foot the bill.

For many politicians, Galileo is a question of pride and technological independence.

Advocates say it would offer greater accuracy and reliability, as well as create thousands of jobs and prove the EU is not falling behind China and Russia, which are developing similar systems.

"What taxpayers in the United Kingdom and other European countries really need and want is better railways and roads, not giant signature projects in the sky, providing services that we already have from GPS and other systems," Dunwoody said.

"We have asked the government to ensure that the UK parliament has the opportunity to scrutinise and debate this project properly ... before a decision is made at European level."

pfg1group

http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/071112/1/o23l.html

我國太空中心在今年六月預算遭到凍結，進而影響太空計畫發展；包含委託美方衛星接收資料必須負擔上百萬元的經費，太空中心員工的薪資也積欠大約兩個月；不過今天立法院科資委員會解除了對太空中心的預算解凍案，16億元的經費終於可以動支。（劉映蘭報導）


立法院上午召開聯席會，審查國家太空中心預算凍結案。結果從今年六月凍結至今16億元的預算 在法定開議人數到齊後，順利「全數解凍」。由於上個會期立法院在審查國科會預算時，將太空中心的預算全數凍結，使得太空中心面臨斷炊之虞，而我國的太空發展計畫也近乎停擺。


太空中心從上個月起，因為財物實在調度不過來，因此積欠委託美國衛星接收資料上百萬元的經費，甚至連太空中心成員的薪資也有兩個月沒有正常發放，最近陸續傳出有員工以「另有生涯規劃」為由辭職，這些都再再顯示太空中心因為預算遭到凍結而面臨的窘境；不過在立法院預算解凍之後，科資委員會研判，應該會先正常發放太空中心員工的薪資，至於積欠美方費用的部分，則要看國科會如何處理。

pfg1group

http://www.zaobao.com/special/ne ... ongkong071114g.html

（联合早报网讯）香港明报报道，正在进行绕月行程的“嫦娥一号”探月卫星因受月球运动轨道影响，前日与地面失去45分钟联系后，当局昨日再无对外透露其运行情况。有消息透露，目前“嫦娥”与地面的联系信号时续时断，故有关方面暂时不再对外发布卫星的运行情况。内地报章引述太空专家说，卫星与地面失去联系的时候，还可以自主运行一段时间。而按照预定计划，“嫦娥”装载的8种科学仪器将在周日(18日)后开启。

　　据《新京报》昨日引述中国空间技术研究院研究员庞之浩解释，卫星的控制系统包括两个方面，一种是地面控制，另一种是当卫星运行到不能和地面通信号的时候，有能力进行短期的自主控制。目前“嫦娥”绕月一圈需2小时左右，其中会有被月球挡?的时候。

　　专家：卫星可短期自主运行

　　他说，每个卫星设计的时候都考虑到失去信号的问题，像以前的神舟飞船也曾遇到这种情况。“目前我们的测控覆盖率最多能达到92%至98%，即使月球没有遮挡，也没法保证100%的不失去信号。”

　　庞之浩并称，“嫦娥”明年将会遭遇两次月食，分别在明年的2月份和8月份。届时，地球把太阳挡住了，卫星需要依靠自带的蓄电池来保持工作状态。对此，“嫦娥一号”还准备了一个“节衣缩食”的预案，即在进入月蚀之前，地面提前控制好，将能量功耗降到最低的工作模式，可以关闭的仪器也将暂时关闭，等到月食快结时束，再将仪器重新打开。

pfg1group

http://www.zaobao.com/gj/gj071114_506.html

（莫斯科法新电）俄罗斯和印度领袖同意，联合展开月球探险活动，在十年内将一个实验室送上月球。
　　到莫斯科访问的印度总理曼莫汉星同俄罗斯总统普京会谈说：“双方达致联合协议，同意将一艘无人驾驶太空船，送到月球进行科学探险任务，这是两国合作的象征。”

　　俄罗斯航天局说，他们同印度航天局签署了协议，在到2017年的这段时期，两国将联合展开探月计划。该计划内容包括建造太空船，在环绕月球的轨道运行，以展开和平探月任务。

　　俄罗斯航天局局长佩尔米诺夫在声明中说：“俄罗斯和印度将联合建造一艘太空船，我们打算将一整个实验室送上月球。”

　　除了探月计划，曼莫汉星和普京也商讨，如何加强两国的军事与贸易联系。两国计划在2010年之前，将双边贸易额从2006年的40亿美元（约57亿8800万新元），增加到每年100亿美元。

　　俄罗斯国际文传通讯社引述俄国官员的话说，印度有七成的军事硬件来自俄罗斯，俄罗斯卖给印度的武器则占其总军售的三成。

　　普京说，两国领袖“特别关注核能源以及军事技术方面的合作”。两国已同意联合开发一种新型军事运输机“II-214”，同时合作制造第五代战斗机。