十万火急，救命。。。

Kitty_1978

1. With reference to the concept of strategic alliances and collusion, explore the effect of these on and MNC with particular reference to marketing entry decisions.

怎样做？？？

Kitty_1978

没人吗？？？？

翻转全球

这里不跟人家做功课的。

周星星同学

新产品?

陈星星

看看这个吧。。。要仔细的看哦。。。http://books.google.com.my/books ... sion%22&f=false

陈星星

再来一个。。。http://books.google.com.my/books ... sion%22&f=false

Kitty_1978

再来一个。。。
陈星星 发表于 31-7-2011 09:20 PM

summarize 给我。。。

陈星星

Strategic Alliances as a Primary Type of Cooperative Strategy
A  strategic alliance  is a cooperative strategy in which firms combine some of their resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. Thus, as linkages between them, strategic alliances involve firms with some degree of exchange and sharing of resources and capabilities to co-develop or distribute goods or services. Strategic alliances allow firms to leverage their existing resources and capabilities while working with partners to develop additional resources and capabilities as the foundation for new competitive advantages.

Many firms, especially large global competitors, establish multiple strategic alliances. This is evident in the Opening Case with Fujitsu forming alliances with AMD, Cisco, Dell, and Microsoft, among others. Focusing on developing advanced technologies, Lockheed
Martin has formed over 250 alliances with firms in more than 30 countries as it concentrates on its primary business of defense modernization. In general, strategic alliance success requires cooperative behavior from all partners. Actively solving problems, being
trustworthy, and consistently pursuing ways to combine partners’ resources and capabilities to create value are examples of cooperative behavior known to contribute to alliance success.

A competitive advantage developed through a cooperative strategy often is called a collaborative or relational advantage. Competitive advantages enhance the firm’s marketplace success. Rapid technological changes and the global economy are examples of factors challenging firms to constantly upgrade current competitive advantages while they develop new ones to maintain strategic competitiveness.

拜托，不能照抄哦。。。。要有proper citation哦，你应该是做assignment吧！Adapted from Hitt A. M., R. Duane Ireland, & Hoskisson. R. E, Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), 7th Ed (2007), Thomson South-Western, (pp. 269).
如果我没猜错，你应该是拿business 或marketing的呱。。

Kitty_1978

拜托，不能照抄哦。。。。要有proper citation哦，你应该是做assignment吧！Adapted from Hitt A. M., R ...
陈星星 发表于 1-8-2011 12:08 AM

collusion 呢？？你很聪敏叻。。

陈星星

collusion 呢？？你很聪敏叻。。
Kitty_1978 发表于 1-8-2011 12:34 AM

   在下现在不捞这一行，未来可能会考虑一下。。。

Competition-Reducing Strategy
Used to reduce competition, collusive strategies differ from strategic alliances in that collusive strategies are often an illegal type of cooperative strategy. There are two types of collusive strategies—explicit collusion and tacit collusion.


Explicit collusion “exists when firms directly negotiate production output and pricing agreements in order to reduce competition.” Explicit collusion strategies are illegal in the United States and most developed economies (except in regulated industries). Firms that use explicit collusion strategies may face litigation and may be found guilty of noncompetitive actions. For instance, in 2004, the Attorney General for
New York, Eliot Spitzer, charged Marsh & McLennan with price fixing and collusion. The charges accused the company of recommending clients go to favored insurance providers and in colluding with insurers to rig the bid process for property and casualty insurance. Insurance companies (e.g., American International Group—AIG) and other insurers were also accused in Spitzer’s charges. The CEO of AIG is the father of the CEO of Marsh McLennan, making the charges more intriguing. These are serious charges affecting the future of the companies charged and thus their current market values. Tacit collusion exists when several firms in an industry indirectly coordinate their production and pricing decisions by observing each other’s competitive actions and responses. Tacit collusion results in below fully competitive production output and above fully competitive prices. Unlike explicit collusion, firms engaging in tacit collusion do not directly negotiate output and pricing decisions. Mutual forbearance is a form of tacit collusion “in which firms avoid competitive attacks against those rivals they meet in multiple markets.” Rivals learn a great deal about each other when engaging in multimarket competition, including how to deter the effects of their rival’s competitive attacks and responses. Given what they know about each other as a competitor, firms choose not to engage in what could be destructive competitions in multiple product markets.

AOL dominates the instant-messaging (IM) business, with almost 60 million users. Yahoo! and MSN also operate IM services, but unlike e-mail, instant messages cannot crossover programs, which irritates many users. AOL and Microsoft quietly announced in 2003 that they would integrate their IM services for consumers. MSN has the next largest group of IM users (23.6 million) and through this strategic agreement with AOL was able to reduce the level of competition. Tacit collusion tends to be used as a business-level competition-reducing strategy in highly concentrated industries, such as breakfast cereals. Firms in these industries recognize that they are interdependent and that their competitive actions and responses significantly affect competitors’ behavior toward them. Understanding this interdependence and carefully observing competitors because of it tend to lead to tacit collusion. Four firms (Kellogg, General Mills, Post, and Quaker) have accounted for as much as 80 percent of sales volume in the ready-to-eat segment of the U.S. cereal market.

Some believe that this high degree of concentration results in “prices for branded cereals that are well above [the] costs of production.”
Prices above the competitive level in this industry suggest the possibility that the dominant firms use a tacit collusion cooperative strategy.
In general, governments in free-market economies need to determine how rivals can collaborate to increase their competitiveness without violating established regulations. However, this is challenging when evaluating collusive strategies, particularly tacit ones. For example, regulation of pharmaceutical and biotech firms who must collaborate to meet global competition might lead to too much price fixing and,
therefore, regulation is required to make sure that the balance is right, although sometimes the regulation gets in the way of efficient markets. Individual companies must analyze the effect of a competition-reducing strategy on their performance and competitiveness

Adapted from Hitt A. M., R. Duane Ireland, & Hoskisson. R. E, Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization (Concepts and Cases), 7th Ed (2007), Thomson South-Western, (pp. 277-278).


切记。。。书是死的，人是生的，要活学活用哦。。。

Kitty_1978

在下现在不捞这一行，未来可能会考虑一下。。。


Adapted from Hitt A. M., R. Duane Irela ...
陈星星 发表于 1-8-2011 08:26 PM

这当然。。。 但是为何你都不summarize给我。。。 很长叻。。

陈星星

这当然。。。 但是为何你都不summarize给我。。。 很长叻。。
Kitty_1978 发表于 1-8-2011 09:34 PM

   拜托啦。。。功课得要自己亲自下手才行，那才能测试您对当下科目的理解能力哦。。。难道考试要请那位考官帮你做 summarize 吗？在下绝对反对抄袭他人的功课，偷偷告诉你，在下从小学到大学都不曾抄袭他人的功课，会做就做，不会做就问老师或Senior，凡事要不耻下问及亲力亲为才行嘛，如果阁下是混日子来拿到的学位，在下觉得倒不如干脆不读罢了，要读就全力以赴，阁下才是一位有料的人，千万不要金玉其外，败絮其中，做一个半桶水或是没有水的桶，倒不如去取回（考回）一个终生受用的知识，在下的老爸常常提醒在下，学文学到来是自己的，别人要怎样抢夺也得不到，你的就是你的，即使阁下考获一纸文凭，但不是亲自下番功夫，也等于一张废纸罢了。试想想，在下不是在marketing & business field，也能随手找到资料，难道是天才吗？？不是的。。。正如伟大的发明家爱迪生 (Thomas A. Edison) 所说 Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work. If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward.
）只有亲身地去体会才知道当中的苦与乐，这样才不枉此生啊！！！（抱歉，这是在下的一番言论，如有什么不妥的地方，请多多包涵。）

Kitty_1978

拜托啦。。。功课得要自己亲自下手才行，那才能测试您对当下科目的理解能力哦。。。难道考试要 ...
陈星星 发表于 2-8-2011 05:20 PM

(Thomas A. Edison) 所说 Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work. If I find 10,000 ways something won't work, I haven't failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward.
我今天看到这句话。。。 哈哈。。。



哇oum的学生果然强。。。 哈哈。。。 有msn吗？