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发表于 15-2-2008 11:20 AM
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原帖由 chengyk 于 15-2-2008 11:11 AM 发表 
"已经开始有非食用油用来生产生物柴油了"
有没有非食用油的例子 ???
Tuesday May 15, 2007
Logical alternative
The solution to the food or fuel debate is simple – make fuel from non-food crops.
ANOTHER plant, Jatropha curcas, is rivalling oil palm in thebid to power vehicles with green fuel, and the former appears to havethe edge. Not only are its seeds soaked in oil, it grows almostanywhere and so will not threaten forests. Besides, its oil isnon-edible, so there is no competition as a source of food.
Native to Central America, the plant has long been planted for fencing,to prevent soil erosion and to keep goats and cattle out of farms (itsleaves and nuts are poisonous). Its biofuel potential is a recentdiscovery. Now, several countries are planning (or have started) tocultivate the hardy perennial shrub.
India, which intends to replace 5% of its current 40 million tonnes ofdiesel consumption with jatropha biodiesel in the next five years, isgrowing 7.4 million ha of jatropha saplings beside railroad tracks.Dozens of private firms have contracted villagers to grow the plant onmarginal land.
Indonesia intends to have 1.5 million ha of jatropha by 2010 and China,13 million ha. Thailand, Vietnam and countries in South America andAfrica all have similar plans.
Each hectare of jatropha can produce some nine tonnes of seeds to yieldbetween 2.5 and 3 tonnes of oil, says Khoo Hock Aun, managing directorof Cosmo Biofuels Group, which is involved in establishing jatrophaplantations.
Energy source: The seeds of jatropha yield oils which can be turned into biofuel.
He thinks it unlikely that the world will grow enoughoil palm and rapeseed to meet the global diesel demand of 1,500 milliontonnes by 2020. Hence, he is optimistic that jatropha can fill the gap.However, it will be some years before jatropha fuel is sold at thepump. “There is no commercial biofuel production as yet. Currently, allproduced seeds are snapped up for planting,” Khoo says.
The shrub grows to 5m in height, thrives on most soil and can withstanddrought conditions. It is also called the purging nut, because of theeffect it is known to have.
In Malaysia, Khoo says, jatropha is suited for cultivation in brissoil, sandy sites along coastlines which are now left idle.
Malaysia is among the last countries in the region to delve intojatropha cultivation, mainly because it has always focused attention onoil palm. But with environmental and food security concerns plaguingpalm oil, it appears timely to look at jatropha.
“It is in the national interest to get jatropha successfully cultivatedhere as it is an insurance feedstock for the biodiesel industry. Plantsthat have invested in equipment to make biodiesel but are nowstruggling because of high palm oil prices can instead turn tojatropha,” says Khoo.
Now, there is some small-scale planting in Sabah and Sarawak. Khoo’sfirm is in discussions with the tobacco industry to plant jatropha inKelantan in place of tobacco.
The Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Mardi)has received enquiries about the viability of jatropha from the privatesector and state economic development agencies.
Researcher Dr A. Sivapragasam has, for the past year, carried outplanting trials in several sites nationwide on the potential of growingjatropha under coconut trees and on marginal soil. He says there isstill insufficient knowledge on best planting techniques, suitablevarieties and pest control measures. Because the plant needs pruning toencourage growth and fruiting, its cultivation is labour intensive. – By Tan Cheng Li
http://thestar.com.my/lifestyle/story.asp?file=/2007/5/15/lifefocus/17694222&sec=lifefocus |
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